Unit and conversion relationship of textile testing items
The test results are composed of test data and units. There are sometimes many choices for this unit, and inconsistencies in the units used will inevitably lead to differences in the expression of detected values. Therefore, understanding the units used in testing projects can help us understand testing more accurately. Below we will briefly organize the common testing items and their conversion relationships between units.
Color Fastness Routine Items
Color fastness rating mainly uses grayscale color cards for rating. Grayscale color cards include:
American (AATCC) standard grey card
International (ISO) standard grey card
Japanese (JIS) standard grey card
China (GB) standard grey card
Grey card total 5 levels and 9 files
There are 5 levels and 9 levels of gray cards in total; they are levels 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Level 5 is the highest, level 1 is the lowest, and can be rated as the middle half level.
Except for AATCC, which uses decimal point notation at levels 3.0 and 3.5; ISO, JIS, and GB all use “-” notation at levels 3, 3-4.
Color Fastness to Light:
ISO, GB, JIS standards: The rating is compared with the level of the blue standard wool cloth exposed to the corresponding sun as the test result. Blue label wool cloth is divided into grades 1 to 8. In principle, the test sample is exposed to the sun together with its corresponding grade of blue label. Taking level 4 as an example, the result should be > level 4, = level 4, < level 4.
AATCC standard: The comparison gray sample card is still used for rating, and the results are the same as the conventional color fastness AATCC method.
Physical Item
TearingStrength
Common units: Newton (N), Kilogram (Kg), Pound (Lbf, LBS) Ten Times Newton (DaN)
Conversion relation:
1DaN = 10 N , DaN = deca Newton
1Kg =1000 g = 9.8 N = 2.2 Lbf(s)
Joint slip
1. Fixed Load Method
Common unit: Millimeter (mm) or Centimeter (cm)
Conversion relation: 1cm = 10 mm
2. Fixed Slip Method
Common units: Newton (N,), kilogram (Kg), pound (Lbf, LBS) ten times Newton (DaN)
Conversion relation:
1DaN = 10 N , DaN = deca Newton
1Kg =1000 g = 9.8 N = 2.2 Lbf(s)
Peeling strength
Common units: Newton (N,), kilogram (Kg), pound (Lbf, LBS) ten times Newton (DaN)
Conversion relation:
1DaN = 10 N , DaN = deca Newton
1Kg =1000 g = 9.8 N = 2.2 Lbf(s)
Bursting strength
Bursting strength is divided into two methods:
Bursting Strength of Diaphragm method:
Common units: kilopascal (KPa), millimetre of mercury (mmHg), millibar (mBar)
Conversion relation:
1 KPa = 7.5 mmHg =10 mBar
1 KPa = 1000 Pa
Pinball Breaking method:
Common units: Newton (N,), kilogram (Kg), pound (Lbf, LBS) ten times Newton (DaN)
Conversion relation:
1DaN = 10 N , DaN = deca Newton
1Kg =1000 g = 9.8 N = 2.2 Lbf(s)
Single Yarn Strength
Common units: Gram (gf), Newton (N), Centin (cN)
Conversion relation:
1 gf = 0.01 N = 0.1 c [N]
1 N = 10 cN
Wear Resistance Test
Common unit: revolution
Stretch Recovery
Common unit: %
Crease Recovery Angle
Common unit: Angle degree
Fuzz and Pilling
Comparing the ratings with the standard rating sample cards, level 5 is the best and level 1 is the worst.
Common unit: level
Anti-drilling Properties
Count the number of down roots that escape
Common unit: root
Anti-snagging Test
Comparing the ratings with the standard rating sample cards, level 5 is the best and level 1 is the worst.
Common unit: level
Water Resistance Test
Surface water repellency:
Comparing the ratings with the standard sample card, level 5 is the best, level 1 is the worst, and it can be rated as an intermediate half level.
ISO, GB, JIS methods: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 levels
AATCC method: 50, 70, 80, 90, 100 points
Hydrostatic Pressure
Commonly used units: Kpa, centimeter water column (cmH2O), millimeter water column (mmH2O), millibar (mbar)
Conversion relation:
1 kPa = 10 cmH2O = 100 mmH2O = 10 mbar
Rain Test
The result is the increase in the weight of the absorbent paper behind the sample.
Common unit: gram (g)
Oil Repellent Test
Drop No. 1 to No. 8 oil onto the surface of the sample, judge whether it passes based on the shape of the drop, and determine the grade based on the number of oils that can pass through.
Common unit: level
Ease of stain removal test
First, drop the test oil on the surface of the sample and apply a certain pressure for a specified time; then put the sample into a washing machine for washing and observe the removal of oil stains. Comparing the ratings with standard rated samples, level 5 is the best and level 1 is the worst.
Common unit: level
Air Permeability Test
The assessment is based on the flow rate of the sample passing through the air per unit time, or the amount of the sample passing through the air per unit time and unit area.
Common units: cubic centimeter/second/square centimeter (cm3 / s/cm2 or cm3 / CM2.s)
Cubic feet per minute per square foot (ft3 / min/ft2)
Unit of derivation: mm/s (mm/s)
Conversion relation:
1 cm3 / s / cm2 = 10 mm/s
1 cm3 / s/cm2 = 1.967 ft3 / min/ft2
Water Absorption Test
Water drop test:
Drop water droplets onto the surface of the sample until the mirror effect of the water droplets is eliminated. Assess the time required.
Common unit: second (S)
Wick Effect
Place a sample of a certain width vertically in the water about 1.5cm, and see how many centimeters the water climbs up along the sample within the specified time.
Common unit: cm/ time (cm/min)
Moisture Permeability Test
Assess the weight of moisture absorbed or evaporated by the sample per unit area and unit time.
Common unit: g/m2.24 hours (g/m2.24h)
Conversion relation: 1 g/m2.24h = 24 g/m2.24h, 1 g/m2.24h =1 g/m2.d
Thermal resistance Rct
The sample is processed by dry heat flow through a defined area under conditions of stable temperature gradient.
Common unit: square meter Kelvin/watt (m2.K/W)
Wet Resistance Ret
The sample is processed by evaporation heat flow through a certain area under conditions of stable water vapor pressure gradient.
Common unit: square meter PASCAL/watt (m2.Pa/W)
Insulation Ratio
When the temperature is 21°C and the air flow does not exceed 0.1M/S, when a sedentary person (whose metabolism is 58W/m2) feels comfortable, the insulation value of the clothing he wears is 1 Clo value (clo)
Common unit: Crowe value (clo)
Conversion relation: 1 clo = 6.451 Rct
UV Resistance Test
Use single-color or multi-color UV rays (band 290~415nm) to irradiate the sample, collect the total spectral transmission rays, measure the total spectral transmittance, and calculate the sample’s ultraviolet protection factor UPF. When UPF > 50, and UVA < 5%, it can be expressed as >50 or 50+
Common unit: UPF
When UPF >40 and UVA < 5%, it can be expressed as >40 or 40+
When UPF >50 and UVA < 5%, it can be expressed as >50 or 50+
Anti-static test
Half-life method:
Within the specified time, high-voltage current is connected to the sample, and the time required from the moment the voltage is turned off to when the voltage decays to 1/2 (ie, the half-life) is recorded.
Common unit: second (S)
Charge surface density method:
Rub the surface of the sample a certain number of times to measure the charge per unit area of the sample.
Common unit: uC/ m2
Voltage method:
Under certain tension conditions, the sample is rubbed against the standard cloth, and the charging status of the sample is evaluated based on the highest voltage generated within a specified time.
Common unit: Volt (V)
Resistance method:
Apply the specified DC voltage and measure the resistance between the two measuring electrodes on the surface of the sample. The smaller the resistance, the better the conductivity of the sample!
Common unit: Ohm (Ω)
Fabric Structure Test
Fabric Width
That is what we call the width of the fabric.
Common units: centimeter (cm), inch (in)
Relation formula: 1 in = 2.54 cm
Fabric weight (unit area)
Weight of fabric per unit area
Common units: gram/square meter (g/m2), ounce/square yard (oz/y2)
Relation formula: 1 oz/y2 = 33.9g /m2
Yarn Linear Density
British count:refers to the number of 840 yards of yarn weighing one pound under the public moisture regain rate, which indicates how many imperial counts it has; represented by S.
Denier: refers to the weight in grams of a 9,000-meter-long yarn at a common moisture regain; represented by D.
Tekes: Also known as “number”, abbreviated as Tekes, formerly known as Gongzhi. It refers to the weight in grams of a 1000-meter-long yarn at a public moisture regain; expressed in Tex.
Metric count: refers to the meter multiple of the length of 1 gram weight yarn under the public moisture regain rate. That is to say, 1 gram weight yarn is exactly one meter long and is 1 (metric) count yarn: expressed in Nm.
Derivation unit: decitex (dtex)
Relation conversion:
1 Tex = 10 dtex
S = 590.5 / Tex
1 Tex = 9* D
Tex=1000/Nm
Woven fabric density
The number of strands of yarn per unit length.
Common units: root/centimeter (root /cm), root /10 centimeter (root /10cm), root/inch (root /in)
Relation formula: 1 root/in = 2.54 root/cm
Feather Test
Down content
It refers to the percentage of velvet and velvet content in the down filled down clothing.
Common unit: %
Filling Amount
It refers to the weight of down filled in a down garment.
Common unit: gram (g)
Cleanliness
Dissolve a certain number of grams of down in distilled water, take the extract, put it into a cleanliness meter, and read the cleanliness value.
Common unit: mm (mm)
Oxygen consumption
Dissolve a certain number of grams of down in distilled water, take the extract, and test the oxygen consumption of the down by reacting with potassium permanganate.
Common unit: mg/100g (mg/100g)
Ecological Test
Formaldehyde Content
The amount of formaldehyde contained in a sample of a certain weight is tested based on the color development principle of the reaction between formaldehyde and Nessler’s test.
Common units: parts per million (ppm), mg/kg (mg/kg)
Conversion relation: 1ppm = 1mg/kg
PH value
Water extraction is used to test the pH of the extract solution of the substances contained in the fabric.
Common unit: None
Azo dyes are prohibited
Banned azo dyes
Use liquid chromatography to determine whether the incidental dyes used in fabrics are dyes prohibited by regulations or laws, and determine their specific content.
Common units: parts per million (PPM), mg/kg (mg/kg)
Conversion relation: 1PPM = 1mg/Kg
Heavy metals and other Ecological Items
Common units: parts per million (PPM), mg/kg (mg/kg)
Conversion relation: 1PPM = 1mg/Kg
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Post time: Oct-30-2023